Astronomy Standards

  8-4.1 Summarize the characteristics and movements of objects in the solar system (including planets, dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and meteors/meteoroids/meteorites).
  8-4.2 Summarize the characteristics of the surface features of the Sun: photosphere, corona, sunspots, prominences, CMEs, solar wind, and solar flares.
  8-4.3 Explain how the surface features of the Sun may affect Earth.
  8-4.4 Explain the motions of Earth and the Moon and the effects of these motions as they orbit the Sun (including day, year, phases of the Moon, eclipses, and tides).
  8-4.5 Explain how the tilt of Earth's axis affects the length of the day and the amount of heating on Earth's surface, thus causing the seasons of the year.
  8-4.6 Explain how gravitational forces are influenced by mass and distance.
  8-4.7 Explain the effects of gravity on tides and planetary orbits.
  8-4.8 Explain the difference between mass and weight by using the concept of gravitational force.
  8-4.9 Recall the Sun's position in the universe, the shapes and composition of galaxies, and the distance measurement unit (light year) needed to identify star and galaxy locations.  (also astronomical unit)
  8-4.10 Compare the purposes of the tools and the technology that scientists use to study space (including various types of telescopes, satellites, space probes, and spectroscopes).

Light Standards

8-6.1

Recall that waves transmit energy but not matter.

8-6.2

Distinguish between mechanical and electromagnetic waves.

8-6.3

Summarize factors that influence the basic properties of waves (including frequency, amplitude, wavelength, and speed).

8-6.4

Summarize the behaviors of waves (including refraction, reflection, transmission, and absorption).

8-6.6

Explain sight in terms of the relationship between the eye and the light waves emitted or reflected by an object.

8-6.7

Explain how the absorption and reflection of light waves by various materials result in the human perception of color.

8-6.8

Compare the wavelength and energy of waves in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.